文档介绍：HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS of
ART EDUCATION
in the WEST
Art Education and the
Modern Mind
The Art and Science of the Modern Mind
Paradigms - systems of theory and practice that influence human inquiry, cultural beliefs and educational processes
Art education in the West continues to be influenced by changing paradigms.
Paradigms of scientific thought, cultural change, and educational practice influence what we know about how we think, why we make things, and how we learn and teach.
Some Mindful Background…
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment had its origins in the scientific and intellectual revolutions of the 17 century
Enlightenment thinkers felt that change and reason were both possible and desirable for the sake of human freedom and understanding.
Enlightenment philosophers provided a major source of theories and ideas about how to see things differently.
The Enlightenment
Some Major Themes
Rationalism: logical reasoning based on facts
Cosmology: new world view based on Newtonian physics, analysis of natural phenomena as systems
Universe is a machine: rule governed, predictable and able to be controlled
Secularism: application of scientific theories to religion and society
The Enlightenment
Scientific Method: ‘truth’ arrived at by empirical observation, use of reason and systematic doubt.
Inquiry into natural world can be applied to human sciences: theories of human development, behavior
Human experience is the foundation of human understanding of truth, authority is not to be preferred over experience
Individuals can be improved through education and the development of their rational faculties
The Enlightenment
Utilitarianism: laws created for mon good
Optimism & self-confidence: anything is possible (a reversal of medieval thinking)
Tolerance: a greater acceptance of different societies and cultures.
Freedom: a mind as well as a society is free to think, free from prejudice
Legal and penal reforms, mass education
Constitutionalism