文档介绍：河南大学硕士学位论文郭忠恕及其界画研究姓名:郑雪霞申请学位级别:硕士专业:美术学指导教师:何华2011-05I摘要郭忠恕是五代末北宋初杰出的界画家,其界画“栋梁楹桷,望之中虚,若可蹑足,栏楯牅户,则若可以扪历而开阖之也。以毫计分,以寸计尺,以尺计丈,增而倍之,以作大宇,皆中规矩,略无小差”①。郭忠恕的界画逼真、生动、精确,有规矩又不为规矩所束缚,格调高古,用笔老到,意境清幽。(元)汤垕评曰:“界画则唐绝无作者,历五代始得郭忠恕一人”②郭忠恕第一次把界画推向了一个高峰,可谓是前无古人,后无来者③。在郭忠恕以后虽有王振鹏、仇英、袁江、袁耀等以界画著名,但始终无人超越郭忠恕的成就,郭忠恕的艺术成了界画上一个无法逾越的丰碑。郭忠恕是一个传奇式的人物,“总角取科名,弱冠纡缨绂”④,郭忠恕在还是孩童的时候就取得了童子及第,少年得志使郭忠恕更加的锋芒毕露,不懂得虚与委蛇。三进三黜的政治经历使他心灰意冷,疲惫不堪,这虽是他在仕途上的失败,却在另一方面成就了郭忠恕的绘画艺术。每次被罢黜后,郭忠恕都把全部的精力用在了他钟爱的艺术上“流落不复求仕进,多游岐、雍、京、洛间,纵酒跅弛,逢人无贵贱辄呼“苗”。有佳山水即淹留,浃旬不能去。或逾月不食。盛暑暴露日中,体不沾汗,穷冬凿河水而浴,其傍凌澌消释,人皆异之。”⑤郭忠恕在灵山大川中吸取营养,精研绘画艺术,不在乎世人的看法,实是解衣盘礴的状态。他在给好友释梦英的信中写道“忠恕自落朝班,累丞诏命。已得林泉之味,坚辞名利之场。鹤发半生,猿心久死。”⑥印证了他辞名利,得林泉之味的心态,这是锤炼郭忠恕艺术造诣的基本条件。总结郭忠恕屡次碰壁的原因皆是其性格所使,他性格耿直、侍才放旷、不拘小节,不善逢迎、圆滑、交际,这样一个人是不适合为官的。画品是人品的反应,正是郭忠恕至真至纯的本性,使得他的绘画离绝匠意,超凡脱俗,不但在北宋一枝独秀,·德隅斋画品[M].上海:上海美术出版社,1982. (元)[M].北京:人民美术出版社,1959. (清)·登幽州台歌[M].北京:中华书局,1978. (宋)·卷四怀贤诗·故国子博士郭公忠恕[M].北京:商务印书馆,1936. (元)·郭忠恕传[M].北京:中华书局,1977. 曾枣庄、·答英公大师书[M].四川:巴蜀书社,1988. II历史的沉淀,在一千多年后的今天,它依然璀璨夺目!郭忠恕的界画成就是毋庸置疑的,这样一位造诣卓绝的界画家,我们对他的信息却知之甚少,对郭忠恕其人其画的研究是很有必要的。关键词:郭忠恕,界画,规矩,笔墨IIIABSTRACT Guo Zhongshu, who was born during the end of the Five Dynasties and the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, was the splendid painter in Jiehua, the draw lining with the aid of a ruler. The character of his Jiehua painting quote“ the beam and pillar as well as the outline of the building are precisely arranged and three-dimentional, as if one can walk into it. windows and doors in the painting are so real as if one can open them , the ratio is so precise and strictly calculated with little tolerance.”.His Jiehua paiting was life-like, vivid and precise. There were rules in the paintings, but not constrained by the rules. The artistic style was so elegant and sober, painting technique mature and refined, and artistic conception quiet and beautiful. Tang Hou, the connoisseur in Yuan Dynasty, commented that he has been the No. 1 painter since Tang Dynasty (corry