熏蒸杀虫剂-课件（ppt·精·选）.ppt

文档介绍：第五章卤代烃(halogenated hydrocarbon)氟里昂熏蒸杀虫剂氟烷-麻醉剂一、卤代烃的分类和命名卤代烷叔卤代烷CH3CH2CH2Br(10)CH3-CH-CH3Br(20)CH3-C-CH3BrCH3伯卤代烷仲卤代烷(30)卤代烯乙烯式 RCH=CH-X 烯丙式孤立式R-CH=CH-CH-R’XR-CH=CH-(CH2)nX￡N卤代芳烃苯式苄式孤立式XCH2XCH2CH2X例:CH3-CHCH=CH-CH3Br4-溴-2-戊烯CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH-CH3ClBr5-氯-2-溴庚烷◆XH?????????二、化学性质(一)亲核取代反应(nucleophilic substitution SN )R-X + Nu:R-Nu + X通式:底物亲核试剂产物离去基团1、水解(被羟基取代):R-X + H-OH R-OH +HXR-X + OHR-OH + XCH3CH2CH2BrKOH水溶液CH3CH2CH2OH2、醚的生成—被烷氧基取代R-X + NaOR'R-O-R' + NaXCH3CH2Br + CH3ONaCH3CH2OCH3(Williamson)伯卤代烷