文档介绍:一: V-ing 形式由“do+ing”构成, 其否定形式是“not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。一: V-ing 形式由“do+ing”构成, 其否定形式是“not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。V-ing 形式V-ing 形式语态时态一般式完成式主动语态被动语态(not) doing(not) doing(not)having done(not)having done(not) being done(not) being done(not)having been done(not)having been done1. 作定语 V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。-ing形式表示“供作......之用”的意思, 这类作定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词,表示主语的性质或者用途。 A swimming pool = a pool for swimming1. 作定语 V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。-ing形式表示“供作......之用”的意思, 这类作定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词,表示主语的性质或者用途。 A swimming pool = a pool for swimmingbuilding materials = materials for building 建筑材料drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台2) -ing形式表示“......的”意思, 过去叫现在分词 A sleeping child = a child who is sleeping working people =people who works the rising sun=the sun who is risingtiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果 2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如: They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The manstanding thereis Peter’s father. = The manwho is standing thereis Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this riverwill be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。 3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,这时,它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如: His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。 The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累,在微风中轻轻摇曳。注意:如果分词在时间上不能同谓语动词所描述的时间保持一致,必须使用定语从句。必须牢记,having done不能作为定语从句使用。如:I want to see the man breaking th