文档介绍：IntroductionHBV基因组结构pre-s1pre-s2SPCpre--S1pre-S1蛋白pre-S2pre-S2蛋白SHBsAgpre-CHBeAgCHBcAgPDNAPXHBxAg编码HBsAgpre-S2pre-S1IgManti-HBcTotalanti-HBcHBsAgAcute(6months)HBeAgChronic(Years)anti-HBe0481216202428323652YearsSource:CDCandPreventionTiterWeeksofExposure慢性乙肝的病毒标志transmittingPerinatal,percutaneousandsexualexposureCloseperson-to-personcontact(opencutsandsores,especiallyamongchildreninhyperendemicareas)RiskofdevelopingCHBafteracuteexposure:90%innewborns25-30%ininfantsandchildrenunder5<5%inadultsGroupsathighriskforHBVinfectionwhoshouldbescreenedIndividualsborninareasofhighorintermediateprevalenceratesforHBVincludingimmigrantsandadoptedchildren-Asia:Allcountries-Africa:Allcountries-southpacificislands:Allcountries-MiddleEast(exceptCyprusandIsrael)-EuropeanMediterranean:MaltaandSpain-TheArctic(indigenouspopulationsofAlaska,CanadaandGreenland)-SouthAmerica:Ecuador,Guyana,Suriname,VenezuelaandAmazonregionsofBolivia,Brazil,ColombiaandPeru-EasternEurope:AllcountriesexceptHungary-Caribbean:AntiguaandBarbuda,Dominica,Granada,Haiti,Jamaica,,,andTurksandCaicos-CentralAmerica:mendedforscreening-(≥8%)-HouseholdandsexualcontactsofHBsAg-positivepersons-Personswhohaveeverinjecteddrugs-PersonswithmultiplesexualpartenersorhistoryofSTD-Menwhohavesexwithmen-Inmatesofcorrectionalfacilities-IndividualswithchronicallyelevatedALTorAST-Patientsundergoingrenaldialysis-Allpregnantwomen-mendationsforinfectedpersonsregardingpreventionoftransmissionofHBVtoothersPersonswhoareHBsAg-positiveshould:-inated-inatedornaturallyimmune-Notsharetoothbrushesorrazors-Coveropencutsandscratches-Cleanbloodspillswithdetergentorbleach-ansorspermsChildrenandadultswhoareHBsAg-positive:-Canparticipateinallactivitiesincludingcontactsports-Shouldnotbeexcludedfromdaycareorschoolparticipationandshouldnotbeisolatedfromotherchildren-Cansharefood,utensilsorkissothersCounselingandPreventionofHepatitisBNoeffectivespecific