文档介绍：ExploringTibetChronology of Travel in Asia & Tibet11th centuryMilarepa (1040-1123) "opened" Lapchi (la phyi) and spent years there and at Kailash, see Shabkar p. 44312th centuryDrigung Jigten Gonpo (1143-1217) sent hermits to three holy mountains in southern Tibet: Kailash,Lapchi, Tsari with an administrator (Dordzin) as representative of Drigung Monastery to oversee them,see Shabkar 34313th century1213-1221 Drukpa Kagyu lama Gyelwa Gotsangpa opened Kailash as a sacred site, see Shabkar p. 3461245 Italian Franciscan John of Plano Carpini & Polish Franciscan Brother Benedict sent as Papal envoysto Mongol court1247 John of Plano Carpini wrote Historia Mongolorum, textbook cultural history of Mongol Empire;included first European description of Chinese1253 Flemish Franciscan William of Rubruck and Italian Franciscan Barolomeo of Cremona left asmissionaries to Mongol court1255 William of Rubruck, letter addressed to the missionary and military interests of his patron,crusader King Louis IX, map of route to Mongolia1270s Turkic, Uighur or Onggut (Mongol) Nestorian monks Rabban Sauma and Rabban Mark set outfrom Mongolia on pilgrimage to Jerusalem1275 Marco Polo arrived in Shangdu (Xanadu), summer palace of Qubilai Khan, stayed seventeen years(to 1292), map of route1287-88 Rabban Sauma sent to Europe with two Italians as (Il-khanate) Mongol representative, reachedRome and Genoa1295 Ma