文档介绍：华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
含PAM三次采油污水处理技术研究
姓名:牟靖文
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:应用化学
指导教师:唐和清;罗逸
20060511
摘要
我国是水资源短缺和水污染严重的国家之一。随着我国各大油田相继进入三次
采油阶段,油田污水产出量不断增加。三次采油污水含有聚丙烯酰胺(PAM),具有
高粘度和乳化稳定性强的特点。这类含 PAM 的油田污水容易给环境造成严重污染。
为了净化三次采油污水,便于该污水可以回注重新利用或外排,需要去除污水中的
PAM,从而降低其污水粘度。然而国内目前尚无处理这类污水的有效方法。
本文首先探讨了油田污水中微量 PAM 的几种检测方法,证实了在模拟现场条件
下浊度法是测定油田污水中微量 PAM 的简单有效、精度较高的分析方法。通过比较
油田含油污水的多种处理技术的优缺点和分析目前国内各大油田对含聚污水缺乏有
效的处理方法的现状,提出了混凝沉淀法来处理含 PAM 的三次采油污水的新方法。
在此基础上,进一步合成了聚硅酸铝,并且以河南油田、大庆油田及胜利油田三采
污水为实验用水,详细研究了聚硅酸铝处理含 PAM 三次采油污水的处理技术,包括
药剂投加量、水样 pH 值、温度及药剂熟化时间对处理过程的影响,同时也对聚硅酸
铝处理其他废水进行了定性的研究。
大量的实验结果证实,由于聚合物的存在,聚合物驱采污水与水驱采污水相比
粘度更大、粒径更小,常规的无机高分子混凝剂很难将这类污水处理达到较好的效
果,而采用本工作合成的改性聚硅酸铝(PASS)可以将含 PAM 的三次采油污水处理达
到浊度<2FTU,PAM<3ppm 的效果,粘度与自来水的粘度相当,基本达到油田污
水回注要求。研究结果还表明,本工作很好地解决了聚硅酸盐易凝胶保存期短的难
题,可以使 SiO2%= 的聚硅酸铝在恒温 37℃可以保存 60 天不凝胶,而传统产品
的保存期仅为 12 天,使产品的商品化成为可能。
关键词:三次采油;污水处理;聚丙烯酰胺;混凝剂;聚硅酸铝
I
Abstract
Shortage and pollution of water resource are serious in our country. More and more
wastewater was produced with the crude oil extraction in the period of Enhanced Oil
Recovery (EOR). Polyacrylamide (PAM) is one of the most popular reagents used in EOR.
The PAM-containing wastewater is heavily emulsified with high viscosity, and not easy to
be treated. Such wastewater may seriously pollute local environment, especially the water
resource. In order to treat such oily sewage to discharge standard or recycle the wastewater,
PAM should be removed. However, now there was no appropriate treatment method for
such oily sewage was reported in China.
In the paper the methods of quantitative analysis of PAM were discussed through
experiments, then make a conclusion that on the condition of simulation wastewater
turbidimetric technique is a better method which can be operated simply and conveniently
with high precision, so it is suggestible method to the locations of oilfields. The water
treatment technologies of oily sewage varied from oilfield to oilfield. Every one of them
ha