英语写作手册第二章.ppt

文档介绍：:asmanyas400,、贴切,对文章是否能收到预期的效果致关重要。在锤炼和选择词语时,除了文章的主题、思想内容、写作目的和读者对象等以外,还必须考虑与之相适应的语言层次(levelsoflanguage)。所谓语言层次,一般可归结为规范英语(standardEnglish)和非规范英语(sub-standardEnglish)。规范英语又可分为口语(spokenlanguage)和书面语(writtenlanguage),非正式语(informallanguage)和正式语(formallanguage)。例如:Officialese公文—‘Theconsumptionofanynutrimentswhatsoeveriscategoricallyprohibitedinthisestablishment商业机构.’Official官方—‘Theconsumptionofnutrimentsisprohibited.’Formal—‘Youarerequirednottoconsumefoodinthisestablishment.’Neutral—‘Eatingisnotallowedhere.’Informal—‘Pleasedon’teathere.’Colloquial—‘Youcan’tfeedyourfacehere.’Slang—‘Layoffthenosh小吃.’Taboo—‘Layoffthefuckingnosh.’:’sdenotationiswhatitliterallymeans,asdefinedbythedictionary;,nation,stateandlandhavemoreorlessthesamedenotationandmayallbetranslatedinto“国家”inChinese,,nationemphasizesthepeopleofacountry,anizationofacountry,,inthedegreeofemphasis,inemotionalcoloring,intone语气,,wordsofAnglo-Saxonoriginaremoreinformalthanth