文档介绍：轻型货车变速器设计
摘要
变速器用于转变汽车发动机曲轴的转矩和转速,目的是以适应汽车在起步、加速、行驶以及克服各种道路阻碍等不同行驶条件下对驱动轮起引力及车速的不同要求的需要,使汽车获得不同的牵引力和速度,同时使发动机在最有利的工况范围内工作。变速器的结构对汽车的动力性、经济性、操纵的可靠性与轻便性、传动的平稳性与效率都有直接的影响。
本次设计参考BJ1041QF4D轻型载货汽车变速器设计,设计一款5+1有超速挡的机械式变速器。设计时,首先要根据发动机与汽车的转速求出总传动比,然后初步选定主减速器传动比。变速器各挡传动比可以根据近似等比数列的原则求出各挡的传动比,但各挡传动比都不宜过大。采用自锁及互锁装置、倒挡安全装置,可使操纵可靠,不跳挡、乱挡、自动脱挡和误挂倒挡;除一、倒挡外,其余各挡均采用斜齿圆柱齿轮。确定传动比后,根据传动比计算各挡齿轮的模数、齿数、压力角和螺旋角。
按照传统设计方法,本着半经验半理论的设计原则通过类比法确定方案,参照已有车型变速器结构,采用主、副变速箱结构,从而提高了轴的刚度。换挡机构全部使用锁环式同步器进行换挡,这样能保证迅速、无冲击、无噪声换挡,使换挡更加平稳。最后以机械零件的强度和刚度理论对确定的形状和尺寸进行必要的计算和校核,以此确定变速器的内部结构,以满足约束条件,进而缩短设计周期,降低设计成本。
通过分析、计算、验证得知,本次设计的变速器能为整车提供合理的变速速比,使车辆系统的动力性、经济性得到最大的发挥。
关键词:变速器,设计,同步器,齿轮轴
THE TRANSMISSION DESIGN OF LIGHT TRUCK
ABSTRACT
The transmission gearbox uses in transforming the motor car engine crank's torque and the rotational speed, the goal is by adapts the automobile, in the start, the acceleration, go as well as e each kind of path hindrance and so on under the different travel condition to have the attraction and the vehicle speed various requirement need to the driving gear, causes the automobile to obtain the different force of traction and the speed, simultaneously causes the engine to work in the most advantageous operating mode scope. Transmission gearbox's structure to automobile's power, efficient, the operation reliability and the portability, the transmission stability and the efficiency has the direct influence.
This design refers to the BJ1041QF4D light truck transmission gearbox design, designs one section 5+1 to have the overdrive transmission mechanical transmission gearbox. When design, first of all, according to the engine and vehicle speed the transmission ratio calculated, and then initially identified the main reducer transmission ratio. Transmission gearbox various grade of velocity ratios may act according to the approximate geometric series the principle to extract various files the velocity ratio, but various grade of velocity ratios not suitable oversized. Uses t