文档介绍：Unit4 AContrastbetween .(1)——:Subject课题练****问答题(1)形合与意合之间的差异是什么?举例说明。(2)为什么英语有那么多的被动句?(3)长句和短句与形合和意合有关系吗?如果有,是什么?(4)什么是前重心?什么是后重心?理解这一点对我们的写作和翻译有什么启示意义?(5)解释英语介词短语和形合之间的关系。(刚性与柔性)posedofnounphrase(s)andverbphrase(s).eaninvariableruletohaveasubjectbeforeaverb,(s)mustagreewiththepredicateverb(V)inpersonandnumber,-Vconcord(主谓协调一致)formsthekernelofasentence,,plicated,canbereducedtofivebasicpatterns:SV,SVP,SVO,SVoO,andSVOC:(主语+动词)(主语+动词+表语)(语+动词+宾语)(主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)(变式),expansion(扩展),combination(组合),omission(省略),orinversion(倒装).(1)Variants:interrogative,negative,andpassive;“Therebe+subject”.(2)Expansion:addingmodifiers,includingwords,phrases,andclauses;usingphrasesorclausesinsteadofwordsasthemembersofthebasicpatterns.(plexsentences.(4)Omission:omittingcertainmembersofthesentence.(5)Inversion:-predicatestructureappearsrigidasaresultofcertaingrammaticalconstrain,includingthepatternizationandtheprinciplesofgrammaticalandnotionalconcord.Chinese,however,isrelativelyfreefromthegovernmentofS--predicatestructureisusuallyvaried,flexible,plicatedandsupple.ThesupplenessoftheChineselanguagealsomanifestsitselfinthe“run-on”sentence(流水句),posedofthe“fullsentence”andthe“minorsentence”(小句).Afullsentencehasasubject-predicatestructure,whileaminorsentencehasonlyaword(s)orphrase(s).“用小句而不用句子做基本单位,较能适应汉语的情况,因为汉语口语里特多流水句,一个小句接一个小句,很多地方可断可连”。pletesentencestructure,S-Vconcord,andformalcohesion(形式接应),oherence(意念接应).王力(1984):“就句子的结构而论,西洋语言是法治的,中国语言是人治的”。所谓“法治”,即句子的形式严格受到语法的制约,如句子必须有主语和谓语动词,及物动词必须有宾语,这些“不管用得着用不着,总要呆板地求句子形式的一律”。所谓“人治”,即句子不太受形式的约束,可以因表意的需要而加以变通,词语的分合伸缩比较灵活,“用得着就用,用不着就不用”,只要双方意思