文档介绍：AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY mendations for Evaluation of theSeverity of Native Valvular Regurgitation withTwo-dimensional and DopplerEchocardiographyA report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Nomenclature and mittee and The Task Force on Valvular Regurgitation, developed in conjunction withthe American College of Cardiology mittee, The Cardiac mittee Council on Clinical Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and theEuropean Society of Cardiology Working Group on Echocardiography, represented by:William A. Zoghbi, MD, Maurice Enriquez-Sarano, MD, Elyse Foster, MD, Paul , MD, Carol D. Kraft, RDMS, Robert A. Levine, MD, Petros Nihoyannopoulos,MD, Catherine M. Otto, MD, Miguel A. Quinones, MD, Harry Rakowski, MD, William , MD, Alan Waggoner, MHS, RDMS, and Neil J. Weissman, MDA. INTRODUCTIONValvular regurgitation has long been recognized asan important cause of morbidity and the physical examination can alert theclinician to the presence of significant regurgitation,diagnostic methods are often needed to assess theseverity of valvular regurgitation and remodeling ofthe cardiac chambers in response to the volumeoverload state. Echocardiography with Doppler hasrecently emerged as the method of choice for thenon-invasive detection and evaluation of the severityand etiology of valvular regurgitation. This docu-ment offers a critical review of echocardiographicand Doppler techniques used in the evaluation ofvalvular regurgitation in the adult patient, and pro-vides mendations for the assessment of sever-ity of valvular regurgitation based on the scientificliterature and a consensus of a panel of of medical management and timing of surgicalintervention will not be addressed in this document,as these have been recently . TWO-DIMENSIONAL AND DOPPLERECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN VALVULARREGURGITATION: GENERALCONSIDERATIONSValvular regurgitation or petence results fromvarious etiologies including v