文档介绍：语言学概论Chapter1InvitationstoLinguisticsWhatislanguage?SensesoflanguageinWebster’sNewWorldDictionary(ourbook,p、2)“munication、“(Wardaugh)Designfeaturesoflanguage语言设计特征1、arbitrariness(任意性)2、duality(双重性)3、Creativity(创造性)orproductivity4、displacement(移位性)5、interchangeability(互换性)6、specialization(专业化)7、culturaltransmission(文化传承)FunctionsofLanguage(语言功能)Jakobson’sview:1、Emotive(情感功能)2、Referential(指代功能)3、Poetic(诗学功能)4、Phatic(寒暄功能)5、Metalingual(元语言)6、Conative(意动功能)Halliday’sview:1、ideationalfunction(概念功能)2、Interpersonalfunction(人际功能)3、Textualfunction(语篇功能)Functionsonthebook:1、informative(告知性得)2、InterpersonalFunction(人际功能)3、Performative(行事功能)4、EmotiveFunction5、munion(寒暄功能)6、RecreationalFunction(娱乐功能)7、MatalingualFunction(元语言功能)、1)Exhaustiveness(穷尽性)2)Consistency(贯通性)3)Economy(经济性)4)Objectivity(客观性)petencevs、performance言语能力vs、petencereferstoalanguageuser’sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrules、Performancereferstotheactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituations、Chapter2SpeechsoundsConsonantsandvowelsDistinctionbetweenconsonantsandvowels:theobstruction(阻塞)ofairstreamMinimalpairsandminimalsets(最小对立体)①urringinthesamepositioninthestring,thetwowordsarecalledaminimalpair最小对立体、E、g:pitandbitjunkandchunkbanandbinbetandbat②Aminimalpairshouldfollowthreeconditions:1)theyaredifferentinmeaning;2)theydifferonlyinonesoundsegment;3)urinthesamepositioninthestrings、Chapter3FrommorphemetophraseRoot&affixRoot词根:1、amorphemewhichisthebasicpartofaword、(Occuronitsown、maybejoinedtootherroots、ortakeaffixes(manly,coldness)biningforms(biochemistry)2Itisthatpartofthewordleftwhenalltheaffixesareremoved、AllwordscontainarootmorphemeAffix词缀:1、roupoflettersorsounds(=amorpheme),whichisaddedtoaword,andwhichchangesthemeaningorfunctionoftheword、(Prefix前缀,Suffix后缀,infix中缀:feet,geese)2、inflectionalaffix曲折词缀andderivationalaffix派生词缀Chapter5MeaningTheReferentialTheory(所指理论)①Thetheoryofmeaningwhichrelatesthemeaningofawordtothethingitrefersto,orstan