文档介绍：设计总说明
聚丙烯酸钠的应用极为广泛。在涂料、陶瓷、造纸、纺织工业用作颜料分散剂; 在日用化工领域用作清洁剂成份。可用于墙体材料粘结剂、农药防漂散剂,且在生物方面对动植物蛋白的絮凝有特效作用。此外在石油工业的油田化学领域,用作钻井液的增粘剂、降滤失剂、粘土稳定剂等;还可用作酸化液、制药、化妆品等方面的增稠剂等等。
聚丙烯酸钠合成方法主要有本体聚合、水溶液聚合、反相悬浮聚合、反相乳液聚合、微波合成及辐射合成等多种方式。通过查阅大量相关文献,进行网络与市场调研,选定了基于反相悬浮聚合方法来生产聚丙烯酸钠,将中和后的丙烯酸钠水溶液与由分散介质和分散稳定剂配制好的分散液共同放入反应釜中,在引发剂的作用下进行聚合反应至共沸脱水,反应后生成的混合物通过离心机分离分散介质与聚合物,再经热水洗涤除去聚合物表面的一些残留助剂,将分离工序过后的聚合物进行干燥、计量包装等处理后,得到聚丙烯酸钠产品。
根据任务书的要求对生产条件进行了探讨,分散剂种类、单体浓度、聚合温度对分子量的影响,搅拌转速的影响,中和度的确定,后处理工艺中分离方法和干燥方法的选取,确定了以Span-60作为分散剂,抽余油作为分散介质,过硫酸铵作为引发剂,单体丙烯酸钠中和度为100% 来进行聚合反应,离心机分离后,使用气流干燥机进行干燥。
本设计规模为年生产聚丙烯酸钠1000吨,按全年330天,每天2班,一班8小时生产,一班可以生产两批, kg。并以此进行物料衡算、能量衡算和设备选型,并且进行了简单的经济概算,。而后说明了安全生产规范以及环境保护措施。
Illustration
Application of sodium polyacrylate is very extensive,it can be used as pigment dispersant in the paint, ceramics, papermaking, textile industry,a cleaning position in daily chemical industry,and the pesticide of wall materials and bleaching powder binder. Sodium polyacrylate has special effect on protein in Biology. In addition, it is used as tackifier, drilling fluid filtrate reducer, clay stabilizer in the oil field chemistry of petroleum industry,also it can be used for acidizing fluid, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and other aspects of the thickener etc..
Sodium polyacrylate can be synthesized by the bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, inverse suspension polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization, microwave synthesis and radiation synthesis etc.. Through consulting a number of literature, surfing on the and researching market, I use inverse emulsion polymerization to product sodium polyacrylate. There are Sodium acrylate solution that had been neutralized, dispersion medium and dispersant in the reactor, The polymerization reaction under the effect of initiator will be carry on until azeotropic dehydration, the generated mixture will be separated of the polymer and remnant dispersion medium by the machine. Finally,the polymer transform into pletion by th