文档介绍：第一课词汇:Concept概念,conception概念,conceive构想、理解Isotope同位素,isomer同质异能素element,atom,nucleus,nucleonelement,elements,molecule,molecules,molecularatom,atoms,atomic,nucleus['nju:kliəs,'nu:kliəs]原子核 ,nuclei,nuclear,nucleon['nju:kliɔn]核子,nucleons,nucleonic核子的particle,particles,fissile易裂变的,fissionable可以发生裂变的fertile可裂变的,fertilematerials增殖材料fission,fusion,decayinner,innermost/outer,outermostchainreactionfragment碎片Expression:=mc2then-thpowerofa:anresultin/paniedby/correspondtoThediscoveryoffissionwasmadeinGermanyin1938byHahn......posedof由…icradiation电磁辐射Ev:electron-voltConservationofmass/energy质量/能量守恒练****电子带负电,质子带正电。Electronisnegativelycharged,protonispositivelycharged。在任何质量变化的反应中,质量的减少与能量的释放相伴,而质量的增加与能量的吸收相随。Inanyreactioninwhichmasschanges,paniedbythereleaseofenergy,andanincreaseofmasscorrespondstotheabsorptionofenergy。电荷间的静电斥力与它们之间距离的平方成反比。Theforceofelectrostaticrepulsionbetweenlikechargesvariesinverselyasthesquareoftheirseparation。通常,原子核存在于能量为基态的平衡态或者说稳定的条件下。ucleiexistinanequilibriumorstableconditionknownastheirgroundstateofenergy。原子的质量并不等于组成它的粒子质量之和。Themassofatomisnotequaltothesumofthemassesofitsconstituentparticles。E=mc2:Eisequaltomtimescsquared。1u=×10-。第二课词汇:Qualitative定性的,quantitative定量的matterexposedtobetaparticles暴露在β粒子中的物质inadditionto......petitionwith与什么竞争presentnoshieldingproblem不产生防护问题crosssection截面specialtheoryofrelativity狭义相对论potentialscattering势散射principle原则、主义,principal首要的、poundnucleusformation复合核的产生(deformation变形)ionization电离irradiate辐照spectrumofenergies能谱transition转换transmit传输,传导练****有一种辐射叫做韧致辐射。Thereisakindofradiationcalledbremsstrahlung。除了X射线辐射以外,有一种辐射叫做韧致辐射。InadditiontotheX-rays,thereisanotherradiationcalledbremsstrahlung。除了由电子变换轨道引起的X射线辐射以外,还有一种类似的辐射叫做韧致辐射。InadditiontotheX-raysduetothetransitionsintheelectronicorbits,asimilarradiationcalledbremsstrahlungproduced。γ光子与物质的相互作用Gammarayinteractionswithmatter。光电效应,康普顿散射,电子对效应。PhotoelectricEffect,Photon-ptonEffect),Elec