文档介绍：湘潭大学
硕士学位论文
“三言”否定句否定标记研究
姓名:黄皇
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:汉语言文字学
指导教师:李伯超
20080510
摘要
否定句是汉语中最常用的一类句子,它形式多样、功能复杂,一直以来受到很
多学者的关注。本文对否定句的界定为:第一,内容上,否定句作为一个整体应
表达否定判断;第二,否定句应有形式方面的标记。只有同时满足了形式、内容
这两方面的要求,才可以断定一个句子是否是否定句。文本采用定量和定性相结
合的方法,对否定句的否定标记进行了尝试性研究。其中,将显性否定标记分为
十类二十五词;将隐性否定标记分为三类十四种。通过显性否定标记的研究,我
们可以看出,“三言”有一个相当庞大且接近完整的否定词系统,各个词从不同方
面和不同角度共同完成否定的任务;而通过隐性否定标记,主要是疑问词标志反
问句表达否定意义一类句子的分析描写,我们可以知道,反问最基本的功能是表
否定,它与否定词的作用是相通的,功能上的一致性,使否定词与反问成为汉语
中最主要的否定形式。
“三言”否定句的语用含义主要有六种:(1)劝说、劝禁类;(2)催促、命令
类;(3)埋怨、责骂类;(4)贬斥、嘲讽类;(5)申辩、反驳类;(6)拒绝、谦
让类。“三言”否定句的结构类型与语用含义之间的结构关系是错综复杂的:同一
结构类型的否定句可以体现多种语用含义;同一语用含义又可以由多种结构类型
的否定句来体现。
“三言”否定句的特点与现代汉语相比有许多共同点,但也存在一些差异。在
以后的几百年中,否定句系统内部不断变更、调整,向现代汉语过渡,从而最终
形成现代汉语否定句系统。

关键词:“三言”;否定句;否定标记;语用含义

I
Abstract
The negative sentence question is monly used type with various types and
complicated function in Chinese, and it has been concerned by a lot of scholars all the
time. In this article, the negative sentence is defined as, first, in content, the negative
sentence should express negative judgement as a whole; second, the negative sentence
should have marks in forms. So a sentence must meet the two aspects, it can be a
negative sentence. This thesis adopting the method that the bines with
qualitative analysis tries to research the negative marks of negative sentence. Among
them, the apparent negative marks are divided into 25 kinds of 10 types, while the
latent negative marks are divided into 14 kinds of 3 types. By studying the apparent
negative marks,we can see that, there is a huge and nearly integrated negative system
in SANYAN, and every word plishes the task of their own from different aspects;
at the same time, from the analysis of mainly a rhetorical question with interrogative
words, we can conclude that ,the basal function of a rhetorical question is to express
negation, and this is the same with that of interrogative words, the coherence in
function let interrogative words and