文档介绍：2010届毕业生
毕业论文
题目: 基于遗传算法整定的PID控制
院系名称: 信息科学与工程学院
专业班级: 电子信息科学与技术
学生姓名: 学号:
指导教师: 教师职称: 讲师
2010年 6 月 2 日
摘要
PID控制器是在工业过程控制中常见的一种控制器,因此,PID参数整定与优化一直是自动控制领域研究的重要问题。遗传算法是一种具有极高鲁棒性的全局优化方法,在自控领域得到广泛的应用。针对传统PID参数整定的困难性,本文提出了把遗传算法运用于PID参数整定中。
本文首先对PID控制的原理和PID参数整定的方法做了简要的介绍。其次介绍了遗传算法的原理、特点和应用。再次,本文结合实例阐述了基于遗传算法的PID参数优化方法,采用误差绝对值时间积分性能指标作为参数选择的最小目标函数,利用遗传算法的全局搜索能力,使得在无须先验知识的情况下实现对全局最优解的寻优,以降低PID参数整定的难度,达到总体上提高系统的控制精度和鲁棒性的目的。最后,本文针对遗传算法收敛速度慢、易早熟等缺点,将传统的赌盘选择法与最优保存策略结合起来,并采用改进的自适应交叉算子和自适应变异算子对PID参数进行迭代寻优整定。
采用MATLAB对上述算法进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明了遗传算法对PID参数整定的有效性。
关键词:PID;参数控制;遗传算法;MATLAB
Title Tuning of PID Parameters Based on ic Algorithm
Abstract
PID controller is a kind of controller that is usual in industrial process control. Therefore, tuning and optimization of PID parameters are important researchable problems in the automatic control field, where ic algorithm is widely used because of the highly robust global optimization ability of it. Aiming at the difficulty of traditional tuning of PID parameter, this paper puts forward a method that ic algorithm is applied to the tuning of PID parameters.
Firstly, the principle of PID control and the methods of tuning of PID parameters are introduced briefly. Secondly, this paper introduces the principle, characteristics and application of ic algorithm. Thirdly, this article expounds on the methods of tuning of PID parameters based on ic algorithm with an example. In this paper, the performance index of time integral of absolute error serves as the minimum objective function in the tuning of PID parameters, and the global search ability of ic algorithm is used, so the global optimal solution is obtained without prior knowledge, and the difficulty of tuning of PID parameter is reduced, so the goal is achieved which is improving the control accuracy and robustness of the system overall. Finally, aiming at the weakness of ic algorithm, such as the slow convergence of prematurity and precocious, the traditional gambling site se