文档介绍:Rally‘roundtheFlagEffectMilburnPsychology335Rally‘urHaloeffectMethodologicalaspectLimitsontheeffectNecessaryConditionsCrisisRemotefrompublic’snormalexperienceGovernment(President)controllinginformationDecisivemilitaryactionRally‘urHaloeffectMethodologicalaspect:LimitsontheeffectHaloEffectThorndike(1920)—perceptionscorrelatedIncreasedsupportforPresidentisRallyeffectIncreasedsupportforother(evennon-military)issuesishaloeffectRally‘urHaloeffectMethodologicalaspect: Needtobecarefulininterpretingresultsofapoll—youneedtoconsiderthecontextinwhichapollistaken[situationaleffect]LimitsontheeffectLimits--EdelmanTimelimitedPresidentmusthavecontroloverinformationwithwhichtoarouseusActionshetakes[throughlanguageandmanagementofpoliticalsetting]mustreassurethathisteamisinchargeMustberemotefromnormallife—esstoinformationnotcontrolledbypresidents,“rallies”lesseffectiveinshapingopinionGallupPollResults"?"USInvasionofIraq9/11Oct02—USinvadesAfghanistan