文档介绍：中文摘要女户是由妇女担任户主的民户。除个别的女儿户之外,宋代女户主要是在无夫子幼的特殊家庭中,由寡妇来担任户主。宋代女户家庭中不仅可以存在男性成员,而且有成年与未成年之别。据估计,宋代女户数量不多,应当在总户数的1% 以下,具体数目尚无从确定。宋代女户中不仅存在着女主户和女客户之别,还出现了女官户这一特权阶层。宋代官方有关女户立户的条例不够严格,社会风俗则是官方条例的补充与完善。二者相得益彰,共同构成了比较完整的宋代女户立户规范。女户的立户条件是立户规范的具体化。女性的财产继承权只是女户立户的重要条件,宋代女户的立户还受到诸多社会客观条件以及主观个人条件的制约。宋代女性取得了一定的财产继承权,部分继承了财产的女性方能改立女户。其中,女儿和寡妇是绝户财产名实合一的继承者,夫亡子幼家庭中寡母则以无名有实的间接方式继产。就女户财产的流向而言,权利与义务相一致,只有亲子、女儿(主要是在室女)、立继子才享有完整的继承权,南宋时流入官府的较多。宋代大部分女户都是占有财产的女主户,寡妇的财产管理权虽然极易遭受干扰,但对某些特殊家庭乃至整个社会确实起到了一定的稳定作用。宋代女户的赋役负担加重,政府对女户的照顾相当有限,主要体现在司法援助层面。不过总体说来,对女户的救济仍然是宋代女户社会待遇的主流,它们尚属于受优待的弱势群体。宋代女户具有以下特点:第一,除寡妇所招后夫外,宋代女户家庭中还可以存在其他男性成员。第二,宋代女户消融于其他社会群体的趋势进一步加强。第三,宋代女户数量北宋少、南宋多,北方少、南方多。第四,宋代是女户相对自由的发展时代。其意义主要表现在:宋代女户制度是为了维护财产私有权而发展完善起来的。关键词:宋代;女户;寡妇;绝户 Abstract Female-headed households are folk family whose householder is holded by women Minor daughter-headed households aside, female-headed households of the Dynasty were mainly born from widowed family with immature sons. Song Such households included male members which could be divided into two parts: adult and immaturity. By rough estimate, the number of female-headed households in the Song Dynasty was small, and should lower than 1 percent of the total amount, but there has been no proper way to define the concrete number. Female-headed households of the Song Dynasty not only existed the difference between estate holding and unholding households, but women in the official-gentry families could undertake family. About the register for permanent residence of female-headed households, the Song government treated them with leniency, however, social customs added to official regulations. As for female-headed households, factors in register was the result of regulations' concretion. On one hand, women's property right of ession was important terms for register of female-headed households. On the other hand, it was still restric