文档介绍：中文摘要作为一个传统的中国式政权,清王朝发展到后期,除了本身无法克服的周期性制度顽疾的压力,更有历代王朝所不具备的时代变革的压力。清王朝晚期也是第一次产业革命后资本主义对全球格局的重塑时期,这使得王朝衰败的原因具有现代化的因素。和近代西方民主国家不同,中国传统的国家体制并不在于推动社会的进步和追求社会的最大幸福,而在于把分散的农村组织串联起来,维持家国一体的大一统政治格局。这种体制在“破坏——重建”的模式中运行了两千年之久。鸦片战争以来,在民族危机和阶级矛盾的双重压力下,清政府被动的站在了改革的前沿,但却在重新缔造政治权威的模式中遇到了阻碍。在***太平天国运动的过程中,国家权力开始转移。中央的力量被弱化, 督抚的力量得到了加强,军队由国家化逐渐变为地方化,甚至私人化。国家的权力也由满洲人的手中向汉族人的手中转移。戊戌变法和新政是清政府对这个激变的时代所作的最后回应,但被寄予厚望的改革并没有恢复王朝的能力,反而加速了人民革命的到来, 清政府最终倒在了激烈的改革面前。关键词清王朝,传统制度,转型危机,制度重构 English Abstract As atraditional Chinese-style regime,developed tothe lateofQing Dynasty,in addition tothepressure ofitsown Insurmountable periodic system,also have thepressure changes ofthe era which theDynasties do not lateQing Dynasty was the Remodeling period afterthe firstcapitalist industrialrevolution reshaping theglobalpattern, which makes the reasons forthe decline ofdynasties谢t11 modem different from modem Western democracies,the traditional Chinese statesystem is not topromote socialprogress and thepursuit ofthegreatesthappiness ofsociety,but ratherinserving the decentralized anization together,and maintain their countries inunified political system of”destruction-renewal”model implement forabout two thousand theOpium War,although inthe dualpressures of thenational crisisand Class contradictions,the Qing government was standing intheforefront ofthereformpassively, however,the re—establishmentof theauthority ofthepolitical model was the process ofsuppression oftheTaiping movement,the statepowerbegan thepower ofgovemorS hasbeenstrengthened,and thearmy from the Nationalization changes to Localization or even power ofthestate was transferred from theManzhou’S hand tothe Movement andtheNew Deal were thelastresponse ofQing government makes for era ofintensechange,but thereform withdeeppopularity did not have thecapacity torestore thedynasty,instead speed up the arrival ofthepeople’S revolution,the Qin