文档介绍：中国三农网 Manure and Odor Management Manure and Odor Management Systems for Swine Operations Systems for Swine Operations 猪场的粪便和臭气管理系统猪场的粪便和臭气管理系统作者作者: : Steve Pohl Steve Pohl Agricultural Engineer 农业工程师农业工程师 1-2 Environmental Impact of Swine Manure 猪粪对环境的影响猪粪对环境的影响中国三农网 Environmental Benefits of Manure 猪粪对环境的好处猪粪对环境的好处?? N leaching potential ?减少氮沥滤作用?? soil erosion & runoff ?减少土壤侵蚀和径流?? soil carbon …. ?土壤的碳增加?? crop productivity ?提高作物生产率? Replace energy intensive N fertilizer & limited resource P fertilizer 能够省下因制造无机氮肥导致的巨大能耗,还能节约磷肥资源中国三农网 Summary of potential manure contaminants of water quality, the associated environmental risk, and mon pathway to water . 小结:粪便物质对水质的污染小结:粪便物质对水质的污染、有关的环境危害以及、有关的环境危害以及对水质最常见的污染途径对水质最常见的污染途径 Leaching to groundwater 沥滤入地下水 Surface water runoff 地表水径流 Erosion and surface water runoff 土壤侵蚀,地表水径流 Surface water runoff 地表水径流 Surface water runoff 地表水径流 Blue baby syndrome 蓝婴综合征 Fish kills 杀死鱼类 Eutrophication 富营养化 Human health risk 危害人类健康 Reduced oxygen level in water body-fish kills 杀死鱼类,降低水中氧水平 Nitrate-N ***盐 Ammonia-N 氨 Phosphorous-P 磷 Pathogens anic solids 有机固体物 mon pathway to water 对水质最常见的污染途径 Environmental risk 对环境的危害 Potential Pollutant 可能的污染 1. Surface runoff 地表水径流地表水径流 Unsaturated Zone Water Table 地下水位 Sand & Gravel Aquifer Bedrock 2. Leaching to groundwater 沥滤入地下水沥滤入地下水 3. Well casings 井壁保护层井壁保护层 Septic Tank Septic Tank Private Well Manure Manure Storage Storage Precipitation Precipitation 1 222 3 4 4. Ammonia deposition 氨沉降氨沉降 5 5. Macropore flow 大孔流大孔流 1-5 What are the Pathways by which Manure Contaminates Water? 粪便造成水污染的途径粪便造成水污染的途径化粪池化粪池不饱和区不饱和区地下水位地下水位含水沙土层含水沙土层基岩基岩储粪罐储粪罐私人水井私人水井降雨降雨中国三农网 Planning and Evaluation of Manure Storage 对储粪设施的规划和评述对储粪设施的规划和评述 20- 7 中国三农网 Why Do We Store Manure? 为什么要储存粪便? 为什么要储存粪便? ? To reduce the need for frequent hauling and land spreading 避免频频装运和施肥? To allow land spreading at a time when soil and climatic conditions are suitable 在土壤和气候条件都适宜时进行施肥? To allow nutrient applicati