文档介绍:A Few Microbes to Be Concerned About Mycobacterium tuberculosis : tuberculosis Resistant to: streptomycin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, isoniazid, and rifampin us aureus : Staph infections Resistant to: penicillin, erythromycin, Gentomycin MRSA and VRSA Salmonella typhimurium :: typhoid fever Resistant to: Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, streptomycin, Sulfanamides, tetracycline A Few More Microbes... Yersinia pestis : plague - multi resistant Treponema palladium : syphilis - multi resistant Neisseria gonorrhoea e: Gonorrhoeae - multi resistant A Few More Microbes... Campylobacter jejuni : Campylobacter - Multi Resistant Shigella dysenteriae : Dysentery - Multi Resistant Eschericia Coli (including E. coli 0157 : H7) : Hemorrhagic Diarrhea, Kidney failure - Multi Resistant How Some Antibiotics Work Penicillin G (Gram + Bacteria) : B lactam ring binds to transpeptidase inhibiting cross-linking of cell wall resulting in cell lysis Aminoglycosides : Streptomycin, Gentomycin Inhibits protein synthesis on 30s ribosomal subunit Tetracyclines ( Broad Spectrum - Gram - and Gram + ) : Inhibits protein synthesis on 30s ribosomal subunit Macrolide Antibiotics : Erythromycin, Spiramycin Inhibits protein synthesis on 50s ribosomal subunit How Some Antimicrobials Work Sulfa Drugs : Sulfanilamide ? Blocks synthesis of folic acid Quinolones : Norflaxin, Ciproflaxin (Broad Spectrum) ? Prevents bacterial DNA gyrase from supercoiling bacterial DNA Resistance Mechanisms B -lactamases : ?B -lactamases cleave B -lactam rings from penicillin Modification of Drugs : ? Some enzymes have the ability to phosphorylate, adenylate, or acetylate antibiotics-chloramphenicols and aminoglycosides Resistance Mechanisms Efflux Pumps and Prevention of Uptake : ? Enzymes actively pump out drugs or the drug is not taken into the cell at all-tetracycline Enzymes with Altered Shapes : ? Enzyme proteins with altered shapes are produced so that the drug no longer fits to inhibit-Rifampin an