文档介绍：免疫学检测技术ImmunodiagnosisIDetectionofantigensorantibodies第一节抗原或抗体检测抗原-抗体反应的特点Specificity一(一)高度特异性Cross-monantigen交叉反应:共同抗原Antiserumabsorption抗血清吸收lstantibody2ndantibody抗;二抗Reversibility/invertibility:(二)可逆性non-covalent,surface-binding,dissociable一非共价、表面结合,plementarycapacity:affinity;avidity互补程度:亲和力;亲合力Ⅴusability三)binedinproportionatornearequivalenceLAntigen:multivalent;Antibody(gG):divalent比例适合:抗原多价,抗体2价。交织成网Phvalue;Temperature;oncentration条件适宜:酸碱度、温度、离子浓度Adequateconcentration,bindingstrength;reactiontime足够浓度、-,:theamountofantigenisinsufficienttoeactwithandprecipitatealltheantibodypresent;thusfreeantibodycanbedetectedinthesupernatantEquivalencezone:binewithandprecipitatealltheantibodypresentandneitherfreeantigennorantibodycanbedetectedinthesupernatantantibodyequivalenceAntigenexcesszone:-plexesbytheexcess抗体浓度定,抗原浓度递增:抗体过量—,固定抗原浓度,避免抗体过浓并倍比稀释抗体ditferentantibodiesandwiththespeciesfromwhichtheantibody、抗原-抗体反应的应用Terms术语Serologicalreaction血清学反应Qualitativeanalysis定性二Quantitation定量Orientation定位Titration滴定Titer效价/滴度三、常用的抗原抗体反应技术经典技术中和反应补体结合反应凝集反应沉淀反应IAgglutination(一)凝集反应颗粒性抗原或包被有可溶性抗原的颗粒+相应抗体→+相应抗体玻片凝集:抗原定性(ABO血型)试管凝集:抗体定量(肥达反应)+相应抗体红细胞(间接血凝);乳胶(间接乳凝)Coombs'Test:红细胞(Rh抗原)+不完全抗体+:包被抗体的颗粒+抗原间接凝集抑制反应:抗体+未知抗原+包被有相应可溶性抗原的颗粒→凝集?Haemagglutinationredcellantigenantigen-(upperpanel,left)detectsantibodiestoredblood-