文档介绍：Writing Abstract
School of Energy and Environment
—— Group 1B,Class 40
Contents
1
Introduction
2
How to write
3
Practice
（Functions and Elements → → Wu Junkang )
（Language Focus → → Li Chuanyang )
（Case analysis → → Dong Chengpeng )
Introduction
Definition
A short passage showing the substantive research contents and
informantions briefly and clearly without any comments and extra explainations.
Purposes
Offering substantive research contents for readers to decide whether they want to get the whole paper.
Elements
Objective of the research
Research methods
Research results
Conclusions
Functions
For busy readers to understand the research contents quickly and attracting them to read the whole paper .
For database searching services
Introduction
Objective of the research
Including research premise, background, goals and topic area
Research methods
The principle, theory, conditions, objects, materials, technology, structure, equipment, procedures, etc
Research results
The results ,data,relationships between the observations and the effect
Conclusions
The analysis,comparison and evaluation of results and sometimes the application
Elements
Introduction
Different types of abstract
Informative abstract: Summarizing the odjective,methods,primary datas and conclusions of the paper comprehensively and briefly. Usually, this abstract can partly replace reading the full 200~ depends.
Indicative abstract：Normally summarizing the theme of the paper, with just two or three sentences and without any arguments and conclusions,which is commonly for reviews and meeting reports. This abstract can be used to help readers to decide whether to read the full text or 100 words.
Informative-indicative abstract: Summarizing the highest valuable informations in forms of informative abstract expression, while showing the rest in forms of indicative abstract expressi