文档介绍：非谓语动词
不定式
动名词
分词（现在分词和过去分词）
非谓语动词和谓语动词的识别
顾名思义，非谓语动词就是在英语中不
能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 一句话通常不能有两个或两个以上的谓
语动词， 除非动词是并列谓语或者分别出现
在主从复合或并列句中；一句话也不可能无谓
语动词（谓语省略的情况除外）。
不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，。 4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。
（2）作表语： 通常用来说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
（3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer,
如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，作介词but,except的宾语时，如介词前有实意动词do的某种形式，介词后跟不带to的不定式；否则，要跟带to的不定式。如：
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
I have no choice but to stay here.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
（4）作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
Try to persuade them to come with us.
此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
（5）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
①动宾关系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
He has no place to live.
This is the best