文档介绍：第四章孟德尔遗传
定律
Mendels principles
第一节分离规律
Mendels Experiments
Mendel, born in 1822, grew up in
a rural area of what is now a part
Czechoslovakia. Because his family
was poor, he entered a monastery in
order to continue his education
Mendel had a lifelong interest in
biology, particularly animal breeding
but because his superiors did not think
it appropriate for a cleric to breed
Gregor Johann Mendel animals. he concentrated instead on
raising garden peas and other plants
in the monastery garden
紫色
白色
多·军
轴生
顶生
黄色
绿色
圆形
圆形
起皱
饱满
皱皮缩
绿色
黄色
Mendel's Experiments
The results of his work were published in german in
an 1866 paper entitled experiments in Plant
Hybridization The paper was distributed fairly widely
through libraries, but Mendel's contemporaries did not
understand his findings, probably partly because of th
mathematical explanations astery in 1868 and
published nothing further on heredity by the rest of the
scientific community until 1900, when three botanists
Carl Correns in Germany, Hugo de Vries in the
Netherlands. and Erich von Tschermak in Austria
rediscovered his work after each had apparently
independently reached similar conclusions
严格选材
从豆科植物中选择了自花授粉且是闭花授
粉的豌豆作为杂交试验的材料。
精心设计
采取单因子分析法。
定量分析法
首创了测交方法
Why Mendel chose the pea plant?
The garden pea was easy to cultivate and had
relatively short life cycle
The plant had discontinuous characteristics
such as flower color and pea texture
In part because of its anatomy, pollination of
the plant could be controlled easily
Foreign pollen could be kept out, and cross
fertilization could be accomplished artificially
Concerned concept
口杂交( cross):在遗传分析中有意识地将两个基
因型不同的亲本进行交配称杂交。
F1( Filial generation):由两个基因型不同的亲
本杂交产生的种子及长成的植株。
口F2:由F1自交或互交产生的种子及长成的植
株
口杂种( hybrid:任何不同基因型的亲代杂交所
产生的个体。
Concerned concept
P:亲本;
♀:母本;
♂:父本
⑧:自交。