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谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别
1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
　 Miss Mary teaches us English. 　玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）
　 came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
　维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。（to have a talk....不定式作状语）
2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
　 Larke likes the pop music.
　拉克喜欢流行音乐。（动词用单数第三人称形式）
　 Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。（do 用原形）
非谓语动词的特征：
1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。
　Studying English is my favorite.
　学****英语是我的爱好。（studying 后跟宾语）
　To help him is my duty.
　帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）
2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
　Working under such a condition is terrible.
　在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)
　It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.
　他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）
3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
　I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
　对不起让你久等了。（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）
　Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
　从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。（Seen from...是分词的被动形式）
4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
　Our coming made him happy.
　我们的到来使他很高兴。（coming 起名词作用）
　There are two big swimming pools here.
　这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用)
非谓语动词的形式变化：
定式主动被动
　　一般 to write to be written
　　进行 to be writing
　　完成 to have written to have been written
　　完成进行 to have been writing
在分词主动被动
　　一般 writing being written
　　完成 having written having been written
　　过去分词一般 written
名词主动被动
　　一般 writing being written
　　完成 having written having been written
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非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is