文档介绍：1
Chapter 2
Overview of Transportation
&
Ocean shipping
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Key words and terms
Transportation modes 运输方式
Road transport /rail transport /air transport/water transport/ pipeline
Intermodal transportation 多式联运
Intermodal transport operator 多式联运经营人
Intermodal service 联运服务
Trucking 卡车运输
maritime transport 海洋运输
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Introduction
Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from a place of orign to a place of consumption. It can involve raw materials being brought into the production process or finished goods being shipped to the customer.
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Introduction
Transportation encompass five types, or modes:
water, air, road, rail and pipeline
Maritime shipping
Maritime Freight,Cargo ships,Shipping Service
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Transportation Mode Highlights
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Economical compared with trucking, especially over long distances (cost-effective)
Can be rapid, especially over long distances
Good for large volume
Hauls mainly coal, grain, fertilizer, mineral, lumber, autos, containers
Rail
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Disadvantages
The major disadvantages of railway are the inherent inflexibility of operation,fixed time schedules and marshalling,and service from terminal to terminal.
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Allows rapid movement of goods over short distance
Allows “just in time” deliveries
Direct, flexible, can go anywhere roads are
A door to door service
Uses existing roadway infrastructure
Trucking for goods movement, auto for passenger
Road
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Disadvantages
With the development of road transportation,new types of problems,such as a significant growth of fuel consumption,air pollution,traffic congestion and road accidents have emerged.
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Air
Good for
-- Time sensitive materials
-- Mail
-- Lightweight material
-- Perishable
-- Valuable
Short time cycle for infrastructure
building
Extremely rapid,flexible delivery
Expensive
Be easily influenced by heavy weather