文档介绍：Cardiovascular Examination
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Anatomy
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Inspection
1 Precardial projection and excavation
2 Apical impulse
3 Abnormal pulsations of precardium
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1 Precardial projection and excavation
1) Precardial projection
congenital heart disease: tetralogy of Fallot
Valvular heart disease-- MS,PS
pericardial effusion (large , childhood)
Inspection
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The second right intercostal space(2nd ICS-RS)
aneurysm of aortic arch
dilatation of ascending aorta
2) flat chest
3) pigeon chest/funnel chest
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2 Apical impulse
*Normal:
position—the fifth left intercostal space - medial to the midclavicular line range—- in diameter
Inspection
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*Abnormal 1) Location #diaphragm:
“transverse position” upper,outward
obesity ,child, pregnacy;
ascites; tumor of abdominal cavity
“vertical position”(thin, high, emphysema) inferior,inner
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one side pleural effusion or pneumothorax—to the healthy side
one side atelectesis or pleural adhesion—to the affected
#mediastinum:
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