文档介绍:倒装句
定义:
英语的正常语序是“主语+谓语”。即主语在前,谓语在后。但有时出于句子结构的需要或为了强调某个结构,必须采用倒装的语序。
种类:
倒装有两种形式:全部倒装(将谓语动词完全移到主语前)和部分倒装(只将助动词或情态动词放在主语前,动词本身依然位于主语的后面)。
一·完全倒装
“Ladies and gentlemen, attention please ,”said the chairman.
主席说:“女士们先生们,请注意一下。”
“Boys and girls,” said the teacher, “you are right.”
老师说:“孩子们,你们是正确的。”
be句型
There are many students in the classroom.
教室里有很多学生。
From the valley came a frightening sound.
山谷里传来一声吓人的声响。
South of the city lies a big steel factory.
城南有座大型钢铁厂。
The soldiers arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
士兵们到达了一处农舍,农舍前坐着一个小男孩。
当表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+联系动词+主语”,具体分为:
(1)形容词+联系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other celebrities.
出席会议的有怀特教授,史密斯教授以及许多其他的名人。
(2)过去分词+联系动词+主语
Gone are the days when people used typewriters.
人们使用打字机的时代已经过去了。
(3)介词短语+be+主语
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
货物中有圣诞树,鲜花,蜡烛和玩具。
以副词here, there, out, in, up, down, away, now, then等开头的句子,如果谓语是表示位置移动的动词(如come, go, fly),则将名词主语放在谓语动词之后。
Here comes the bus. 车来了。
Away ran the little boy. 那个小男孩跑走了。
注意:如果主语是人称代词,则不需倒装。
Here he comes. 他来了。
这些否定副词或词组常见的有:not, seldom, hardly, never, little, scarcely, rarely, nowhere, in no time, in no case, by no means, under no circumstances 等。
Little did he say at the meeting.
大会上他几乎没说什么。
Never have I seen a better movie than this one.
我从来未看过比这更好的电影了。
注意:否定连词短语:not only…but also…, not until, no sooner…then, hardly…when, scarcely…when等等,当否定副词位于句首时,必须主谓部分倒装,但是倒装的位置各不相同
(1)not until…句型,表示“一直到…才”(后面主语倒装)
Not until the war was over was he able to return happily to his scientific work.
一直到战争结束,他才能愉快地回到自己的科学工作中去。