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非谓语动词.doc

上传人:iris028 2021/1/21 文件大小:131 KB

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文档介绍:非谓语动词
一、英语非谓语动词及其构成
(一)、谓语动词与非谓语动词
英语动词有谓语动词与非谓语动词之分。
在句子中充当谓语的动词,是动词的谓语形式,也叫谓语动词(finite verb)。He is writing a letter.
在句子中充当其他成分的(如主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语等)的动词,是动词的非谓语形式,称为非谓语动词(non-finite form of verb/ non-finite verb)
1 相同点:
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用 They built a garden. / They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰 The suit fits him very well. / The suit used to fit him very well.
(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member, the work was well done. (现在分词的逻辑主语)
2 不同点:
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
(二)、非谓语动词的分类
英语的非谓语动词有三种:非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);分词 (the Participle), 又分为现在分词(the Present Participle)和过去分词(the Past Participle)。 其中,动名词和现在分词又称为 the –ing form.
(三)、非谓语动词的构成
二.非谓语动词具体内容
不定式

不定式就是在动词的原形前加"to " (To-infinitive) 如: to serve , to work to, to study
有时也可不加"to ",叫做"不带to的动词不定式" ( Bare-infinitive) 如: serve , work, study
在现代英语中,带to 的不定式的用途大大超出不带to的不定式。

a一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后 I'm glad to meet you.
b进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生He pretended to be working hard when Mother came in.
c完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前 She seems to have read the book before.

(1)作主语 subject of a sentence
   To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.    To lose your heart means failure.
   动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语. 上面两句可用如下形式:
  It’s very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose heart..
(2)作表语predicative
   Her job is to clean the hall.    He appears to have caught a cold.
(3)作宾语object