文档介绍：Childhood Nutrition
Nutritional requirements
To live, to grow and thrive, humans must take in nutrients from their environment. Before birth there are supplied by the mother, but thereafter they must be ingested.
If too little is provided, the infant will not grow and may e ill, and too much may lead to toxicity or obesity.
Classification of nutrients(2000 Chinese DRIs)
Energy
Macronutrients
protein, fat , carbohydrates
Micronutrients: Minerals, Vitamins
Other diet’ponents
Dietary fiber, water, and others.
Function
Food sources
Requirement
Energy
Five broad uses to which energy intake is put:
Basal metabolism: 50-60%
Requirement for growth:20-30%
Specific dynamic action: 7-8%
Requirement for physical
activity: 15-20Kcal/kg/d
Energy lost in excreta: 10%
Protein 9~15%
Carbohydrate 45~55%
Fat 35~45%
1g protein = 4 Kcal
1g carbohydrate = 4 kcal
1g fat = 9 kcal
<1y, 110kcal/kg/d
Reduce 10 cal/kg/d when raise every 3 year
一、Energy
Notes: If calories are being obtained from a variety of foods, an adequate intake of calories will usually ensure an adequate intake of essential nutrients. Therefore calories should be the first item to be evaluated in assessing a dietary history.
二、Macronutrients
Function
Food sources
Requirement
Protein
Protein is a constituent of all body tissues. There is a requirement for growth and for maintenance.
In infant and children, optimal growth depends on an adequate dietary protein supply
Milk production, egg, fish, meat, bean etc.
Animal protein is better than plant protein
Breast feeding 2g/kg/d
cow milk feeding
Plant protein Feeding 4g/kg/d
Nine essential amino acids: histidine,isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine
Conditional essential amino acids: cystine, taurine, arginine
Function
Food sources
Requirement
Fat
Energy storage and insulation against cold, a cushion for ans.
Fats are required for the absorption of fat-soluble vit