文档介绍：Chapter 3 Physiology in pregnancy
pregnancy: the condition of being with child or gravid, is the process of embryo and fetus growing and developing in the uterus. From the fertilization to the expelling of the fetus with placenta and membranes.
fertilization, development, transport and implantation of fertilized ovum.
the formation and function of fetal attachment.
the maternal changes during pregnancy.
fertilization, development,transport and implantation of fertilized ovum
:semen enters vagina → spermatozoons contact with endometrium, the α-/β-amylase remove the decapacitation factor on spermatozoons’ acrosomal enzyme,then the spermatozoons with the ability of fertilization (capacitation) in uterus and fallopian tubes, the spermatozoons meet the ovum at the ampulla → acrosome rupture → acrosomal enzyme released (acrosome reaction) → the spermatozoons rate the radiate corona and zone pellucida → Fusion
: fertilized ovum→vitelline sphere (early blastosphere) →into uterine cavity→late blastosphere→implantation including apposition, adhesion, ration.
The necessary factors:
(1)the zone pellucida disappear.
(2)the syncytiotrophoblastic cells appear.
(3)synchronic development of blastosphere and endometrium.
(4)enough progesterone.
formation: thicker, more vascular and edematous than premenstrual endometrium.
implantation
Decidua change
True
basal
capsular
Embryo and fetus characteristics
1. Embryo: the first 8 weeks from pregnancy
2. Fetus: after 9 weeks from pregnancy
Fetal length: <20 weeks M2
>20 weeks M X 5
Fetus physiological characteristics
1 Circulatory system
(1) anatomy: 1 umbilical vein; 2 umbilical arteries; ductus arteriosus; foramen ovale; ductus venosus
(2) circulatory characteristics
Fetus physiological characteristics
2. Fetal blood
hemopoiesis: 3 weeks after fertilization, york sac, liver and bone marrow
fetal blood volume: 125mL/kg of the fetus at term