文档介绍：第二章

Symptomatology of the Neurological Diseases

方燕南
第一节Disorders of consciousness
Consciousness is the state of being aware of self and the environment.
Disorders of consciousness is state of impaired consciousness in which the patient is not roused by external stimuli.
Inattention ,confusion, stupor,a are terms describing progressive states of impaired consciousness
Asending
reticular
activating
system
[clinical classification]
Severity degree of disorders of consciousness, range size\content\stem reflect of consciousness to be divided:
descent of level of consciousness
2. Alteration of content of consciousness
type
descent of level of consciousness
(1)somnolent
The somnolent patient may be roused by various stimuli and will then make appropriate motor and verbal responses.
When aroused, such a patient may be clear mentally but often is somewhat confused.
Illusions, delusions, hallucinations or delirium mon in such patients.
somnolent
In somnolence, the patient generally drifts back to sleep when the stimulus ceases.
Spontaneous movements and spontaneous speech or muttering are usual.
+ (2) sopor
In stupor, the patient will often have considerable spontaneous movement.
He will respond to pain, loud auditory stimuli or bright lights.
Repeated and persistent stimuli will often rouse the patient to the point where he will respond briefly to questions.
Spontaneous movement mon. Control of bowel and bladder is variable.
+ (3) coma
The patient is unaware of self and the environment .
Coma is the most degree of depressed of consciousness in which the patient is not roused by external stimuli.
a
patient makes no response to any stimulus .
The muscle-stretch reflexes, Babinski sign, the corneal reflex and even the pupillary response tend to disappear.
There are no spontaneous movements , and the musculature is id,and incontinent of urine and feces. The pulse is usually rapid, the respirations are periodic, and the bl