文档介绍：内分泌系统疾病 总论 Introduction to Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases
复旦大学附属中山医院内分泌科高鑫
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History and development of Endocrinology (1)
Roughly a hundred years ago, Starling coined the term
hormone to describe secretin, a substance secreted
by the small intestine into the blood stream to
stimulate pancreatic secretion.
In his Croonian Lectures, Starling considered the endo-
crine and nervous systems as two distinct mechanisms
for coordination and control an function.
Thus, endocrinology found its first home in the discipline
of mammalian physiology.
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Work over the next several decades by biochemists, physiologists, and clinical investigators led to the characterization of many hormones secreted into the blood stream from discrete glands or ans.
These investigators showed for the first time that diseases such as hypothyroidism and diabetes could be treated essfully by replacing specific hormones.
These initial triumphs formed the foundation of the clinical specialty of endocrinology.
History and development of Endocrinology (2)
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Advances in cell biology, molecular biology, and
ics over the ensuing years began to help explain
the mechanisms of endocrine diseases and of hormone
secretion and action.
Although these advances have embedded endocrinology
into the framework of molecular cell biology, they have
not changed the essential subject of endocrinology
_____the signaling that coordinates and controls the
functions of ans and processes.
History and development of Endocrinology (2)
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Hormone formation may occur either in localized
collections of specific cells, in the endocrine glands,
or in cells that have additional roles.
Many protein hormones: growth hormone? parathyroid hormone?
prolactin? insulin? glucagon? Leptin?
Formation of small hormone molecules initiates monly
found Precursors: Such as: adrenals, gonads, or thyroid.
In the case of the steroid hormones, the precursor is cholesterol,
which is modified by various hydro