文档介绍：Mitochondrial molecular genetics
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Mitochondrial molecular genetics
Mitochondria are the main site of ATP synthesis in eukaryote cells and as such are vital for the health and survival of the cell
They are also one of the sites at which apoptosis is mediated
These lectures will explore the molecular genetics of mitochondria, how they are made, the structure of their genome, how they evolved , and how mitochondrial gene expression is controlled.
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Mitochondrial molecular genetics
• focus on mitochondria: brief overview of their function and structure
• mtDNA structure and replication:
- animals
- yeast
- plants
• inheritance of mitochondria
- petite mutants of yeast
• biogenesis of mitochondria by fission
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MITOCHONDRIA
• essential for cell life
- ATP synthesis
- many metabolic intermediates
• essential for cell death
- unprogrammed death: necrosis
( eg, due to loss of energy status)
- programmed cell death
(apoptosis - controlled cell destruction)
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• Two membranes
• Inner membrane invaginated
• Numbers of mitochondria per cell
vary but usually 100s/cell
Matrix contains the TCA cycle (and other) soluble enzymes
Inner membrane contains metabolite transporters and the electron transport chain
Mitochondrial structure
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The ribosomes can actually be visualized in some mitochondria. In these figures, they are seen in the matrix as small dark bodies. DNA can also be visualized in mitochondria. The DNA is circular and resembles that of a bacterium in its basic structure.
Mitochondria also have their own ribosomes and tRNA:
• 22 tRNAs
• rRNAs (16S and 12S)
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Mitochondria contain DNA molecules with an assortment of genes.
Mitochondrial genetic system consist of DNA and the molecular machinery needed to replicate and express the genes contained in this DNA. This machinery includes the macromolecules needed for transcription and translation. Mito