文档介绍：CHAPTER 4
INTRODUCTION OF PLANTS
植物引种
BY
Niu Yingze
(牛应泽)
Dept. of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering
What is plant introduction?
Narrow sense---introduction of superior cultivars
Broad sense---introduction of plants (or crops)
Implications of Plant introduction
-52.
§1 Implication of Plant Introduction植物引种的作用
Promotion of Agricultural Production
Historical introduction of crops
Recent introduction of crops
Enriching Breeding Germplasm
Elite crop cultivars
Wild plant species
Breeding lines
Enhancing yield by Cultivation in Alien Environments
Harvesting for vegetative products (Hemp, flax, jute)
§2 Principles of Plant Introduction 植物引种的原理
Theory of Similarity in Climate 气候相似论
P. 53.
Conception of Ecological environment and ecological types p54.
Ecological factors 生态因素
including climatic (T, Light, Water), Soil, anism factors
Ecological environment 生态环境
Ecological region 生态地区
Plant ecological type 生态类型
3. Relationship between Important Ecological Factors, Characteritics of Cultivars and Introduction
Temperature factors
Response of crops to temperatures:
Higher temperature----faster crop growth----shorter duration
Upper limit, lower limit, critical temp., optimum temp.
Vernalization (春化作用)in winter crops
Light factors
Length of day:long day >12h; short day < 12h
Response to light:
long-day crops: Wheat, Barley
short-day crops: Rice; Maize
Intensity of Light: Depending on the altitude
3. Precipitation and Humidity
Yearly amount
Yearly distribution and seasonal distribution
vs. requirement of crops for water
Air humidity
4. Soil Conditions
Types of soil: Purple(yellow, red) soils; Clay/loam/sandy soils:
Physical nature of soil structure; texture; moisture
Chemical nature of soil nutrient status, PH, toxic elements(salts), organic matter contents
5. Ecological types of Plants ( crop cultivars)
Types of crop based on response to temperature and day length: Low temperature and long day crops (wheat)
High temperature and