文档介绍：Reading Special English
Engineering Collage,
Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University
Hu jun
Fundamentals of Mechanical Design
Meaning of Design
2. Mechanical Engineering Design
Phases of Design
What is the design ?
Design :To design is to formulate a plan for the satisfaction of human need.
设计:设计就是为满足人的需求而形成的计划。
这是广义设计的概念。
In the beginning the particular need to be satisfied may be quite well-defined.
Here are two examples of well-defined needs.
1. How can we obtain large quantities of power cleanly,safely,and economically without using fossil fuels and without damaging the surface of the earth?
2 .This gearshaft is giving trouble;there have been eight failures in the last six something about it.
起初,要满足的特定需求是很明确的。这里是两个很明确的需求的例子。
,可以清洁、安全、经济地得到大量的动力。
,最近六周有八个故障。在这方面做些工作。
On the other hand,the particular need to be satisfied may be so nebulous and ill-defined that a considerable amount of thought and effort is necessary in order to state it clearly as a problem requiring a solution.
Here are two examples.
另一方面,欲满足的特定需求是模糊的和错误定义的,当这些问题需要解决时,为清晰地定义它需要付出大量的思考和努力。这里有两个例子。
长句分析
整句是so…that结构。不定式结构的被动形式to be satisfied作后置定语,修饰主语the particular need; that从句中又有表目的短语in order to。as…引导表时间的短语作状语。
1 .Lots of people are killed in airplane accidents.
2 .In big cities,there are too many automobiles on the streets and highways.
。
,汽车的数量太多。
This second type of design situation is characterized by the fact that neither the need nor the problem to be solved has been identified.
Note,too,that the situation may contain many problems.
既不解决需要也不解决问题是第二类型设计的特点。同时,这种状态可能包含许多问题。
Problem-solving:
A basic kind of thinking that has received much study by psychologist and other students of behaviour.
问题求解:主要为心理学家和其他行为学专家所研究的一种基本思维方法。
在设计哲学中,常常把设计定义为问题求解过程或决策过程(decision-making process)。