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高中英语语法定语从句总结全.doc

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高中英语语法定语从句总结全.doc

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高中英语语法定语从句总结全.doc

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文档介绍:高中英语定语从句详解
Ⅰ. 概念:
(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:
1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;
2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)
常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。
常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、 where(地点状语)
可以修饰人的关系代词:that, who, whom, whose
可以修饰事的关系代词:that, which, as, whose,
The student who answered the question was John。 
I know the reason why he was so angry。
The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother。
I’d like a room whose window faces the sea. 
定语从句三步:
第一找出先行词;
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);
第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ。 几个关系代词的基本用法:
●that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who或 whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:
1。 A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read。 (主语)
2。 Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?
3. You can take anything ( that) you like。 (宾语)
4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?
5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.
6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.(表语)
7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be。
(= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be。
= Our hometown is different from what it used to be.
= Our hometown is not what it used to be.)
●which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如:
1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语)
2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.(宾语)
●who, whom, whose:
who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,只可指人
whom: 宾格,在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人
whose: 表所属关系,在从句中作定语。译为:某人的,某物的
whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which  (某物的)
       the + n. + of whom (某人的)
I like the students who/that work hard。 (主语)
The boy (that/ who / whom ) we saw yesterday is Tom.
I know the girl whose father is a teacher.
(whose father = the father of whom)
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan。(指人)
(whose parents = the parents of whom)
I'd like a room whose wind