文档介绍：摘要流域水文过程受气候、下垫面等多种因素的影响,在空间上表现出相当大的差异。传统的集总式水文模型没有考虑空间异质性,分布式水文模型弥补了这个缺陷,能够反映水文水资源在空间上变化,进行下垫面变换条件下的计算,具有更多的模拟功能,即能够把单一水量变化的模拟扩大到广泛的水文水资源与生态环境问题模拟。本研究基于“十一五”国家重大科技支撑计划“南水北调中线水资源调度关键技术研究”(2006BAB04A07),,并对研究区水文站点资料进行参数率定和模型验证。在南水北调中线分布式水文模型开发的过程中,开发了一套流域水文模拟和区域水文模拟通用的子流域划分方法,可以在无分叉河段与狭长子流域自动加密,并且可以考虑水库和水文站的位置对子流域加密。该方法在研究区得以应用, 结果表明,其子流域划分效果更好。,参数分区不仅是认识水文规律、解决水文资料移用问题和为水资源合理开发提供依据的重要手段,也是解决水文站网规划、布设与调整、以及区域洪水频率分析等问题的基础。参数分区可以根据水文站的径流过程分片进行参数调整,只对参数分区内的子流域进行计算,从而大大提高了参数敏感性分析和参数率定的效率。基于南水北调中线分布式水文模型,本研究还进行了气候变化条件下的汉江上游径流响应情景分析。结果表明,近45年来,汉江上游气温呈明显的波动上升趋势,而降水量与径流量呈波动下降趋势,在不同气候变化情景下,45年系列径流变化差异显著,但其径流变化比例基本维持在同一水平。关键词:分布式水文模型;子流域划分;参数分区;气候变化 ABSTRACT Watershedhydrological process affectedbyclimate,underlying surfaceand otherfactors, presenting large traditional lumped hydrological model does not consider the spatialheterogeneity,while distributedhydrological model make up forthedeficiency,can reflect thehydrology and water resources change inspace,do the calculation on the condition of underlying surfacechange,have more simulate function,that tobeable totransfersingle water quantity change simulation to awide range ofwater resourcesandecological environment problems simulation. The research based on theeleven·fivecountry important technology plan--water resources operation key techonology research,runoff process inthewhole area oftheMiddle RouteProject ofSouth·-to--NorthWater Diversion was simulated by distributed hydrologicalmodel--WEP·-L parameters were calibratedand themodel was verifiedby observed hydrological data thatprove themodel available in theprocess ofhydrological model development inthe middle route ofSouth-to-North water diversion,a new general watershed delineation method Was proposed,which Can automatic refining tonarrow andlong reaches and reaches withoutjunction and refining tosub-catchments considering thepositions ofreservoirs andhydrological stat