文档介绍：西方社会学原著选读
Theory: The Necessary Evil ——Howard S. Becker
社会学可以理直气壮地宣称自己毫无疑问属于一门学科,原因有两个:其一是它具有一个被广泛公认的理论传统,其二是它在方法论上有一种严肃的态度,即以精密的方法论来指导研究。然而,真正确立这门学科的却是理论。因为正是理论,对社会学可以告诉其受众有关社会世界的种种内容做出了总结性概括。
——沃特斯:《现代社会学理论》,
“Theory!”
A word to strike fear into the hearts of Sociology teachers and students alike…
It’s going to plicated – I’ll never understand it…
It’plicated – how can I teach it so they’ll grasp it?
However, as with everything in life, theory is plicated as you want to make it.
And as with most things, if you understand the basics, it’s much easier to grasp the harder bits…
And besides –(sociological) theory is Important.
If we grasp the theory behind something, everything else is much easier to understand…
理论··· 一言难尽
“How is our identity shaped by culture?”
“Theory”
A suggested explanation for something…
A systematic and general attempt to explain something…
“Why do people get married?”
“Why do mit crimes?
“How does the media affect us?”
“Why do kids play truant from school?”
“Why do some people believe in God?”
理论能解释很多现象···
“Theory”
…is something we use all the time in our everyday life
“Why do I feel unwell?”
“Why are my friends behaving oddly?”
“Why do I have to go to school?”
We all use theory to construct explanations about the social world in which we live…
Which, in a way, is what Sociologists also try to do…
In a slightly different way, of course…
理论并不神秘···
Sociological Theory
Comes in a variety of shapes and sizes…
High-Level Theories
Mid-Range Theories
Low-Level Theories
Focus on trying to explain how and why society is ordered
Focus on trying to explain some general aspect of social behaviour
Focus on trying to explain a specific aspect of social behaviour.
Why do I always fall asleep in Psychology lessons?
Why do girls achieve higher educational qualifications than boys?
Functionalism…
Marxism…
Interactionism…
Feminism…
理论有不同的层次···
If you understand the basic principles of High-level theories you will