文档介绍：大学英语词义辨析实例（一）
林明金
abandon, desert, forsake, relinquish, discard 丢弃
［辨析］
abandon是失去控制，或丧失了占有的能力，强调永远和完全放弃。desert "遗弃，抛弃", 强调违背允诺、誓言或逃避责任。Forsake “放弃，抛弃”，强调断绝感情的依恋。Relinquish 强调放弃权利，特权或要求。discard "废弃，摒弃，扔掉”，指无用而废弃。
［例证］
They abandoned their lands to the invading 了 土地，遭侵略占领。
The village had been hurriedly deserted, perhaps because ten'orists were in the 匆匆逃走了，或许因为该地区有恐怖分子。
He forsook his family and 。
She relinquished possession of the house to her 她的妹妹。
She discarded a four, and picked up a king.^fe打出一张四点的牌，抓起一张 K。
abolish, eliminate, extinguish, cancel 消除
［辨析］
abolish指“用暴力或法律手段废除旧制度、旧风俗”。eliminate指“消除或淘汰不需要的东 西。extinguish指“用压服性的武力等手段使其毁灭”。Cance/指“取消已预定的事情”。
［例证］
Should the death penalty be abolished?应该废除死刑吗？
The police have eliminated two suspects from their 了两名受嫌疑 的人。
They tried to extinguish the 。
The match had to be cancelled because of bad 。
disgusting, abominable 令人讨厌的
［辨析］
disgusting指“卑鄙的行为、手段或事物令人憎恶”。在日常生活屮，该词的语气较弱，指“使 人讨厌或受不了”。abominable语气很重，有“让人深恶痛绝的”意味，它可指“一切令人 不快的事情”。
［例证］
He found her cooking habits to be disgusting.］^发现她的烹调****惯让人受不 了。
Your behavior is abominable to 。
abridge, shorten, abbreviate 缩减，缩短
［辨析］
abridge指“通过压缩删节而减少，但核心部分仍保留”。shorten指“在长度、时间、范围 等方面缩减”。abbreviate指“词、短语通过压缩或省略某些部分而缩短”
［例证］
This is an abridged edition of 'War and Peace'.这是一本《战争与和平》的节略本。
The days are beginning to 。
In writing, the title 'Doctor' is abbreviated to 'DF'.在书写时，Doctor 头衔的缩写是 Dr。
absorb, assimilate 吸收
［辨析］
absorb指“使被吸收者失去其特点”，或指“将某人或某物合并”。assimilate指“使被吸收 者的特点不复存在”，或指“将被吸收者变成吸收者的一部分”。
［例证］
Aspirin is quickly absorbed by the 。
The larger firm absorbed the smaller 。
Some foods are assimilated more easily than 。
The USA has assimilated people from many different 人。
abstract, extract 提取，提炼
［辨析］
abstract指“把一种东西从另一种东西中分离出来”。extr