文档介绍：第五讲海洋浮游植物 Marine phytoplankton
Content
一、     Phytoplankton classification二、     Phytoplankton representatives 三、     phytoplankton distribution
四、     Neritic versus oceanic phytoplankton五、     Phytoplankton flotation
六、     Phytoplankton periodicity of seasonal fluctuations
七、     phytoplankton production
八、     Planktonic food web
九、 Adaptations in phytoplanktons against grazing
Plankton 浮游生物
Plankton: includes all anisms both plants and animals that drift passively in the water. Their distribution is often patchy and determined by the movement of ocean currents and tides.
1)phytoplankton 浮游植物 drifting plants
2) zooplankton 浮游动物 drifting animals
Phytoplankton
Microscopic, usually single-celled, free-floating algal species that drift passively in the parison with seaweeds, phytoplanktons turnover rapidly, their blooms being only of few weeks duration and their species replacement takes place only within a month of less.
phytoplanktons are responsible for more than 90% of all marine primary productivity.
一、Phytoplankton classification 浮游植物分类
1. Classification upon size 根据个体大小分类
2. Classification based upon degree of flotation 根据浮游生活方式或程度的不同分类
1. 根据细胞大小分类:
Virioplankton 浮游病毒
-
Picoplankton (Bacterioplankton)
-
Phytoplankton (A)Nanoplankton
2-20 μm
(B) Netplankton
>20 μm
(i) Microplankton
20-200 μm
(ii) Mesoplankton
-20 mm
(iii) Macroplankton
2-20 cm
Nanoplankton 微型浮游植物
主要由球石藻类(金藻)、小型硅藻、甲藻和蓝藻组成,不能被孔径超过20μm的浮游生物网所收集。
这部分浮游植物在海洋生产力中占有重要地位,因为它们生长快速,在浮游植物中所占的比例很高,而且因为S/V比例高,使得其在营养盐吸收和光吸收方面比较强,在营养盐匮乏的海域能大量生长。
Netplankton
直径超过20μm,主要由硅藻和甲藻组成。
(1)Microplankton 小型浮游植物
(2)Mesoplankton 中型浮游植物
(3)Macroplankton 大型浮游植物
2. 根据生活史中浮游程度分类
1)Euplankton/Holoplankton 真性浮游植物、永久性浮游植物
整个生活史进行浮游生活(大洋性)
2)Meroplankton 阶段性浮游植物
在不适宜条件下产生休眠孢子,沉在海底,萌发后恢复浮游生活(沿岸性)
3)Pseudoplankton/Tychoplankton 假性浮游植物
底栖性的种类,由于海流、风暴等作用将其从带进水体,暂时进行一段漂浮生活,待风浪平静后恢复固着生活。
4)Detritiplankton 附着在水体中漂浮的有机碎屑团上生长的植物区系。
二、Phytoplankton representatives 浮游植物代表种类
海洋浮游植物主