文档介绍：Chapter 8 ic structure in animal population 第八章动物群体的遗传结构
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in animal populations 动物群体的平衡
Changes in the ic structure of populations 影响平衡和基因频率变化的因素
ic diversity 遗传多样性
Species and speciation 物种与物种形成
Population and population ics 群体与群体遗传学
Population: entire group anisms of one kind; an interbreeding group of plants and animals; the extensive group from which a sample might be taken. 群体是由交配和亲子关系相连的个体构成的集团
Mendelian population: A natural interbreeding unit of sexually reproducing plants or animals sharing mon gene
Population ics: The branch of ics that deals with frequencies of alleles and genotypes in breeding
Evolution ics进化遗传学
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in animal populations 动物群体的平衡
Allele frequencies and The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 基因频率与Hardy-Weinberg平衡
Calculation of allele frequencies in random-breeding populations 随机交配群体基因频率的计算
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for over one locus 一个以上座位的平衡
Allele frequencies and The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 基因频率与Hardy-Weinberg平衡
Allele frequency: The proportion of one allele relative to all alleles at a locus in a population 一个群体内某一定等位基因的频率叫做基因频率,其中A1的频率为: x1 = (2N11+N12)/(2N) = X11+X12/2
A2的频率 x 2 = 1-x1 =X12/2 + X22
Allele frequencies and The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 基因频率与Hardy-Weinberg平衡
X11 = x12
X12 = 2x1x2
X22 = x22
The Hardy-Weinberg principle of ic equilibium
describes the relationship between allele frequencies and
genotype frequencies under the assumption of random
mating. This principle applies to loci with alleles, loci
with multiple alleles, and X-linked loci.
Random mating随机交配
这是指在群体中一种性别的任何一个个体
与其相反性别的任一个体交配的机会均等
Allele frequencies in loci with multiple alleles复等位基因的基因频率
一般情况:
Hardy-Weinberg平衡:
xi = Xii +(1/2) ∑Xij
i≠j
Xii = xi2 , Xij = 2 xixj
Calculation of allele frequencies in random-breeding populations 随机交配群体基因频率的计算
Co-dominant or pleted dominant alleles等显性或不完全显性等位基因 xi = (2nii