文档介绍：Cell differentiation and Cancer cells
Cell differentiation
Chapter 12
1. About the concept of cell differentiation
The process that a cell changes to carry out a specialized function:
Marked by: Morphology / Structure / Function
The different cell types of a anism contain the same DNA.
A cell can change the expression of its genes in response to external signals.
Differences in mRNA expression patterns among different cell types.
Different cell types synthesize different sets of proteins.
Gene expression can be regulated at many of the steps in the pathway from DNA to RNA to protein.
The four essential processes by which a anism is made:
Cell proliferation,
Cell specialization,
Cell interaction, and
Cell movement.
Cell differentiation occurs in anisms
Human:
1014 cells,
>200 cell types
2. Why a fertilized egg can develop into different cells: Gene differentiated express
分子杂交技术检测基因及其表达
3. Combinational control and
Gene differentiated express
: 12-1: 2n (n=3, A,B,C)
4. House-keeping genes and luxury genes
House-keeping genes:
Expressed in all cell types, essential for all cells
Luxury genes:
Tissue-specific genes, expressed in special cells
Sequential expression of various genes in early Drosophila embryo
5. Transdifferentiation: From one type of cell into another type
Includes:
Dedifferentiation---Redifferentiation
去分化
再分化
Cell totipotency (细胞全能性)
1. Plant cells
The ability of a cell develops into anism
植物细胞具有全能性,在适宜条件下可培育成完整植株,已广泛应用
2. Animal cloning—
Transplantation of frog red cell nucleus indicated the nucleus of animal is totipotency(全能性)
A anism created by the process of nuclear transplantation