文档介绍：Energy Generation in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Chapter 7
(1) Mitochondria: in all eukaryotic cells
The relationship between the structure and function of mit.
(2) Chloroplasts: in plant cells
The relationship between the structure and function of chl.
Mit: Oxidative phosphorylation → ATP
Chl: Photosynthesis → ATP + NADPH → Sugar
A. Mitochondrial structure and function
The size and number of mitochondria reflect the energy requirements of the cell.
1. Mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation
Figure 7-4 Relationship between mitochondria and microtubules.
Figure 7-3 Mitochondrial plasticity.    Rapid changes of shape are observed when a mitochondrion is visualized in a living cell.
Figure 7-5 Localization of mitochondria near sites of high ATP utilization in cardiac muscle and a sperm tail.
Inner and outer mitochondrial membranes enclose two spaces: the matrix and intermembrane space.
Outer membrane:
Contains channel-forming protein, called Porin. Permeable to all molecules of 5000 daltons or less.
Inner membrane (Impermeability):
Contains proteins with three types of functions:
(1) Electron-transport chain: Carry out oxidation reactions; (2) ATP synthase: Makes ATP in the matrix; (3) Transport proteins: Allow the passage of metabolites
Intermembrane space:
Contains several enzymes use ATP to phosphorylate other nucleotides.
Matrix: Enzymes; Mit DNA, Ribosomes, etc.
Figure 14-6 Fractionation of purified mitochondria into ponents.    These techniques have made it possible to study the different proteins in each partment. The method shown, which allows the processing of large numbers of mitochondria at the same time, takes advantage of the fact that in media of low osmotic strength water flows into mitochondria and greatly expands the matrix space (yellow). While the cristae of the inner membrane allow it to unfold to modate the expansion, the outer membranewhich has no folds to begin withbreaks, releasing a posed of only the inner membrane and