文档介绍：第四章昆虫的生物学与生活史 Biology and Life History
Adult:the last stage of insects, 。
第一节成虫生物学Biology
一、羽化
adult emergence
二、性二型与多型现象 Sexual Dimorphism and Polymorphism
1、性二型sexual dimorphism
体型、大小、颜色、翅的有无等方面
锹甲、独角仙、介壳虫、蚊子、蝴蝶、蛾子
2、多型现象Polymorphism
Polymorphism: the existence of several distinct forms of the same life stage of anism.
Locusts, some caterpillars, castes of social insects, alary polymorphism in crickets, aphids and other Homoptera, and color polymorphism of butterflies are examples of insect polymorphism.
(1) ic polymorphism遗传多型性
等翅目、蜜蜂、蚂蚁、蚜虫(有翅蚜、无翅蚜)
(2) Environmental polymorphism or polyphenism
phenotype环境多型性或非遗传多型性
蝴蝶的季节型(春型、夏型)
三、life of adult 成虫的生活
After the imago emerges, it may be petent almost immediately or there may be a period of maturation in readiness for sperm transfer or oviposition.
1、生殖前期
plement
2、生殖期
control of maturing性成熟的控制
courting求偶行为
mating交配行为
oviposition产卵
Life span of insects (longevity)
第二节昆虫的世代和生活史 generation and life history
一、世代与生活史
世代generation:一个新个体从母体产生到发育成熟、产生新个体的周期。
化性voltinism:The number of generation per 。
univoltine insects一化性
bivoltine insects二化性
multivoltine, or polyvoltine insects多化性
Life history
代生活史Generational life history:一种昆虫完成一代的发育历程。
年生活史annual life history:一种昆虫在一年内的发育历程。
生活史的表示方法:教材244~225页。
世代重叠Generation overlapping
前后两个世代的出现期发生部分重叠
局部世代partial generation
世代交替alternation of generations
两性世代与若干孤雌生殖世代相交替的现象
年生活史研究的意义及内容
越冬虫态及场所
一年发生代数
每一代各虫态发生的时间历期
生活习性及与寄主植物发育的关系
二、休眠与滞育
(1)休眠dormancy (aestivation or hibernation)
Any period of suspended development induced directly by the arrival adverse 。
high summer or low winter temperatures, drought, absence of food 低温、干旱、乏食
An insect usually enters or terminates dormancy very quickly when the adverse conditions arrives or ends. 在条件好转时可立即恢复
休眠虫态dormancy form:egg, larval (nymphal) stage, pupal stage, adult stage
(2)滞育Diapause
Diapause: Delayed development independent of environmental con