文档介绍：Section K
Lipid Metabolism
K1 Structures and roles of fatty acids
K2 Fatty acid breakdown
K3 Fatty acid synthesis
K4 Triacylglycerols
K1
Structures and roles
of fatty acids
1. Lipid
Biological lipids are a chemically diverse group pounds, mon and defining feature of which is their insolubility in water.
Fats and oils (storage lipids)
Phospholipids and sterol (major elements of membranes)
The fats and oils used almost universally as stored forms of energy in anisms are derivatives of fatty acids.
Typical type of fatty acid-pounds are triacylglycerols.
2. Structure and properties of Fatty acids
3. Nomenclature
Fatty acids are named according to the number of carbon atoms in the chain and the number and position of any double bonds.
Palmitate (C16:0) 棕榈酸
Stearate (C18:0) 硬脂酸
Oleate (C18:1) 油酸
Linoleate (C18:2) 亚油酸
Linolenate (C18:3) 亚麻酸
Arachidonate (C20:4) 花生四稀酸
4. ponents of membranes (glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids)
Covalently joined with some proteins
Energy stores (triacylglycerols) and fuel molecule
As hormones and intracellular second messengers (DAG, diacylglycerol)
5. Prostaglandins (前列腺素)
前列腺素(PG)实际上是一类具有生物活性的物质的总称,目前已发现的有几十种,它的基本结构为含一个环戊烷及两个脂肪侧链的二十碳脂肪酸,即前列腺烷酸。
由于环戊烷上的不饱和键位置或取代基不同,可将已知的前列素分为E、F、A、B 四大类。
凝血噁烷