文档介绍：Review of General Psychology Copyright 1998 by the Educational PublishingFoundation
1998, VoL 2, No. 3, 271-299 1089-2680/98/$
The Emerging Field of Emotion Regulation: An Integrative Review
James J. Gross
Stanford University
The emerging field of emotion regulation studies how individuals influence which
emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express them.
This review takes an evolutionary perspective and characterizes emotion in terms of
response tendencies. Emotion regulation is defined and distinguished from coping,
mood regulation, defense, and affect regulation. In the increasingly specialized disci-
pline of psychology, the field of emotion regulation cuts across traditional boundaries
and mon ground. According to a process model of emotion regulation,
emotion may be regulated at five points in the emotion generative process: (a) selection
of the situation, (b) modification of the situation, (c) deployment of attention, (d)
change of cognitions, and (e) modulation of responses. The field of emotion regulation
promises new insights into age-old questions about how people manage their emotions.
Conquer your passions and you conquer the wodd. as Seneca (trans., 1963) and Ryle (1949), have
---Hindu proverb seen emotions as troublesome deviations from
To yield to man's emotions will assuredly lead to strife proper functioning, and thus in need of severe
and disorderliness.... It is only under the influence of correction. Others, such as Aristotle (trans.,
teachers and laws.., that courtesy will be observed,
etiquette respected, and order restored. 1941) and Hume (1739/1969), have seen
--Hsun Tzu (3rd C., ., DeBary, Chan, & Watson, emotions in a more positive light, and thus less
1960, p. 118) in need of strict regulation. This ambivalent
The principal use of prudence or self-control is that it Western legacy is reflected in conflicting say-
teaches us t