文档介绍：Part IX Twentieth Century Literature ? Historical background Politics Military Economy International situation Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) ? Everybody is so talented nowadays that the only people I care to honor as deserving real distinction are those who remain in obscurity. ?— Thomas Hardy ?作者简介?托马斯·哈代( Thomas Hardy, 1840-1928 ),英国著名小说家,诗人,出生于多塞特郡,父亲是石匠,母亲爱好文学,哈代深受其母影响, 22 岁便开始写诗。 1856 年哈代离开学校后,先随当地一名建筑师学徒,后成为伦敦一名建筑师的助手。在此期间,他一直坚持自学文学和哲学。 1867 ,他回到家乡,开始写小说。早期作品有《绿林荫下》( Under the Greenwood Tree , 1872 )、《一双湛蓝的眼睛》( A Pair of Blue Eyes , 1873 )和《远离尘嚣》( Far from the Madding Crowd , 1874 )等,描写英国农村的恬静景象和明朗的田园生活。 1878 年, 《还乡》( The Return of the Native )的出版确立了哈代作为重要作家的地位,也标志着作者开始转向悲剧题材。《卡斯特桥市长》( Major of the Casterbridge , 1886 )。《卡斯特桥市长》( 1886 ) 展示了一场性格悲剧。 19世纪 90 年代,哈代完成了他最深刻、最著名、也是最后两部小说: 《德伯家的苔丝》( Tess of the D'Urbervilles , 1891 )和《无名的裘德》( Jude the Obscure , 1895 )。《无名的裘德》出版后,受到社会上各种各样的批评责难, 哈代转而全力从事诗歌创作。哈代创作的诗歌中, 除了近千首短小的抒情诗外,还有以拿破仑战争为题材的三卷本诗剧《列王》( The Dynasts , 1904- 1908 )。? Hardy ’ s major works: Under the Greenwood Tree , 1872 《绿林荫下》 A Pair of Blue Eyes , 1873 《一双湛蓝的眼睛》 Far from the Madding Crowd , 1874 《远离尘嚣》 The Return of the Native, 1878 《还乡》 Major of the Casterbridge , 1886 《卡斯特桥市长》 Tess of the D'Urbervilles , 1891 《德伯家的苔丝》 Jude the Obscure , 1895 《无名的裘德》 Tess of the D ’ Urbervilles Themes ? The novel is a fierce criticism of the hypocritical morality of the society and the cruel and inhuman exploitation of the capitalists who invaded the English country and destroyed the peasantry from the root. Tess, a beautiful, innocent, sweet-natured and hard-working country girl, is easily taken in and abused by the hypocritical rich, constantly suppressed by the social conventions, brutally exploited by the inhuman capitalists, and eventually executed by the unfair legal system. She is a typical victim of the society. Poverty of the family, inhumanity, injustice and hypocrisy of the society decide her tragedy. The two men- the one who