文档介绍：摘 要
激光测距技术是随着激光技术的出现而发展起来的一种精密测量技术，因其良好的测距性能而广泛应用在军事和民用领域。
激光测距方法从原理上主要分为相位法测距和脉冲法测距两种。本文将脉冲激光测距和相位激光测距进行了原理分析与比较,根据课题设计需要选择了测程远、精度高、成本低且结构简单的脉冲激光测距作为设计方法。
本文对组成脉冲激光测距系统的几个重要单元电路做了深入研究。主要包括激光发射电路、激光接收电路、高精度时间测量电路、单片机以及LCD显示。在发射电路中采用集成芯片LM555和74LS123设计的窄脉冲发生电路。在接收电路中对回波信号的放大、滤波、整形和时刻鉴别进行了分析和研究，对已有的时刻鉴别电路做了对比与选择,设计了前沿时刻鉴别电路,有效地减小了由于幅度的随机抖动而引起的误差。脉冲飞行时间测量精度直接影响着脉冲激光测距系统的整体测距精度,因此在高精度计时电路中采用了高精度计时芯片TDC—GP2测量脉冲飞行时间,不仅使电路结构变得简单,而且有效地提高了计时精度。
关键词：激光测距；脉冲法；发射电路；接收电路；高精度计时
ABSTRACT
With the development of laser technology，laser ranging becomes a new precise measurement technology, and is extensively used in the military and civil field for its high accuracy.
The laser range finder is divided into pulse and phase two types at present. This paper analyzed the pulse laser range finder and phase laser range finder，chose the pulse laser range finder as the research method because of high precision，low cost and simple structure.
The paper had been done deeply study of pulse laser measuring system, mainly including the laser emitting circuit, the laser receiving circuit, the high precision time measurement circuit, single chip and LCD display. The narrow pulse generating circuit was designed using LM555 and 74LS123 integrated chip in the emitting circuit. In the receiving circuit analyzed and studied for the signal of echo amplification, filtering, shaping and time identify circuit，cutting edge moment discrimination circuit are designed to reduce the error of due to amplitude random jitter by comparison and selection the existing time discrimination circuit. Pulse time of flight measurement accuracy directly affects the whole measurement of the pulse laser ranging system accuracy, so high precision time measurement chip TDC—GP2 is used measurement pulsed time of flight in the high precision time measurement circuit. It not only makes the circuit structure become simple but also improves ，勿做商业用途
Key words：Las